Danish scientists believe they have discovered the oldest living vertebrate. We are talking about a Greenland Shark that does its laps in the icy North Atlantic and Arctic waters. The animal could be up to 512 years old.
The Greenland shark only grows about 1 centimeter per year, when the scientists discovered a female specimen measuring over five meters as part of a study on Greenland sharks, it quickly became clear that the shark must have witnessed a few centuries of history. When it was born around 1500, the Habsburgs were already ruling Europe. Columbus had sailed across the Atlantic a few years earlier - the sensational discovery was made in these waters. The team used what is known as radiocarbon dating to analyze the eye lens of 28 Greenland sharks. The oldest shark studied was probably around 392 years old.
The method of radiocarbon dating provides 95 percent certainty, which means that the true age of the discovered shark could be between 272 and 512 years. If the data prove to be correct, the shark was already alive when Galileo Galilei was still mapping the cosmos and the Holy Roman Empire still existed. According to the study, the average age of sexual maturity for Greenland Sharks is 156 years, in some cases it is even 134 years. Little is known about the species. The first film recordings of living specimens were made by US researchers in 1998. They have been observed at depths of up to 2000 meters. The sharks are known for roaming the Arctic and North Atlantic from eastern Canada to western Russia.
Greenland sharks have a distinctive short and rounded snout and small eyes. Their rough skin can be gray or blackish brown. According to recent findings, the species seems to feed mainly on seals and fish, which it actively hunts at great and shallow depths. It is believed that despite its slow locomotion, the Greenland Shark can prey on seals because it attacks them while they sleep. The discovery of a jawbone of a not yet fully grown polar bear in the stomach of a Greenland Shark suggests at least that Greenland Sharks are able to overwhelm larger prey. Before the study, led by marine biologist Julius Nielsen, the bowhead whale was considered the longest living vertebrate on earth. Its estimated lifespan is 211 years, according to the science magazine Science. The animals with the longest life expectancy are the Icelandic mussel, which can live to be over 500 years old, and the giant Antarctic sponge Anoxycalyx joubini, which is believed to be 10 years old.